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Sunil Dutt

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For other people named Sunil Dutt, see Sunil Dutt (disambiguation).

Sunil Dutt
Dutt at his New Delhi office in 2005
Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports
In office
22 May 2004 – 25 May 2005
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Preceded byVikram Verma
Succeeded byMani Shankar Aiyar
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office
6 October 1999 – 25 May 2005
Preceded byMadhukar Sarpotdar
Succeeded byPriya Dutt
ConstituencyMumbai North West, Maharashtra
In office
31 December 1984 – 16 May 1996
Preceded byRam Jethmalani
Succeeded byMadhukar Sarpotdar
ConstituencyMumbai North West, Maharashtra
Personal details
Born
Balraj Raghunath Dutt

(1929-06-06)6 June 1929
Khurd, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)[1]
Died25 May 2005(2005-05-25) (aged 75)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Cause of deathHeart attack
Political partyIndian National Congress
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1958; died 1981)​
Children3, including Sanjay Dutt and Priya Dutt
RelativesSee Dutt family
Residence
Alma materJai Hind College
Occupation
  • Actor
  • producer
  • director
  • politician
AwardsPadma Shri (1968)

Sunil Dutt (born Balraj Raghunath Dutt; 6 June 1929 – 25 May 2005) was an Indian actor, film producer, director and politician. Dutt was honoured with Padma Shri, in 1968, by the Government of India, for his contribution to Indian cinema.[2][3]

Dutt debuted in 1955 with the Hindi film Railway Platform.[4] He rose to prominence with highly successful and acclaimed films, such as Ek Hi Raasta (1956) and Mother India (1957) and went on to deliver a number of hugely popular films in a career that spanned 48 years.[5][6]

Dutt married his Mother India co-star Nargis in 1958. Together they had three children, including the actor Sanjay Dutt.[7] In 1984 he joined the Indian National Congress party and was elected to the Parliament of India for five terms from the constituency of Mumbai North West. He was the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports in the Manmohan Singh government (2004–2005) and also a former Sheriff of Mumbai.[8][9]

Early life

[edit]

Sunil Dutt was born on 6 June 1929 in Nakka Khurd in the Jhelum District of the Punjab Province of British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan) into a Punjabi Hindu family of the Hussaini Brahmin caste, as Balraj Dutt to father Diwan Raghunath Dutt and mother Kulwantidevi Dutt.[10][1][2][11][12]

Dutt belonged to a family of landlords.[13] When he was five years old, Dutt's father died. When he was 18, the Partition of India began inciting Hindu-Muslim violence across the country.[13] A Muslim friend of Dutt's father named Yakub, saved their entire family.[14] The family resettled in the small village of Mandauli on the bank of the river Yamuna, located in the Yamunanagar District of East Punjab (now in Haryana).

Later in life, Dutt moved to Lucknow in the United Provinces with his mother, Kulwantidevi Dutt, and spent a long time in the Aminabad Bazaar neighbourhood during graduation. He then moved to Bombay, where he joined Jai Hind College of the University of Bombay in the Churchgate neighbourhood of South Bombay, as an undergraduate and took up a job at the city's BEST Transportation Engineering division.[2][15] He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History (Hons.) in 1954.[2][16]

Film career

[edit]

Early career and rise to prominence (1955–1957)

[edit]

Director Ramesh Saigal was instrumental in giving Dutt a break in the film Railway Platform (1955) when the latter was hosting the show, Lipton Ki Mehfil on Radio Ceylon.[17] While covering the Dilip Kumar film Shikast in 1953, Dutt met director Saigal, who impressed by his personality and voice, offered him a role in his upcoming film. Saigal came up with the new screen name "Sunil Dutt" for the debutante actor whose real name was Balraj Dutt to avoid name conflicts with the then veteran actor Balraj Sahni.[18][19]

He shot to stardom with B.R. Chopra's family drama Ek Hi Raasta (1956) and Mehboob Khan's epic drama Mother India (1957).[20][21][22] While Ek Hi Raasta was a superhit, Mother India went many steps ahead and emerged an All Time Blockbuster along with being the most successful film of the 1950s.[23][24] It was dubbed in several European languages including Spanish, French and Russian; it did substantial business in Greece, Spain and Russia and was released in the Eastern Bloc countries.[25] Technicolor arranged one screening of the film in Paris on 30 June 1958, under the name Les bracelets d'or ("The Gold Bracelets").[25] It did minimal business in Paris, but fared better in French colonies. It was successful in the Latin American countries of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador.[25] Mother India was also acclaimed across the Arab world, in the Middle East, parts of Southeast Asia, and North Africa and continued to be shown in countries such as Algeria at least ten years after its release.[26][25][27][28] It went on to win several accolades and was also featured in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.[29][30]

Widespread success, setback and resurgence (1958–1979)

[edit]

He once again collaborated with B.R. Chopra for Sadhna (1958) opposite Vyjayanthimala.[31] The film did extremely well at the box office and went on to become a superhit.[32] The following year, he starred in Bimal Roy's Sujata and Shakti Samanta's Insan Jaag Utha.[33] While the former was a huge commercial success, Insan Jaag Utha could only manage average profits.[34] Sujata also opened to critical acclaim and went on to win the National Film Award for Third Best Feature Film (Hindi).[35] From 1960 to 1962, he only delivered moderately successful films, such as Hum Hindustani in 1960, Chhaya in 1961 and Main Chup Rahungi in 1962.[36] The year 1963 brought him in the big league with superhits in Gumrah and Mujhe Jeene Do.[37] Apart from commercial success, both the films received positive reviews from critics. For his portrayal of a notorious bandit in Mujhe Jeene Do, Dutt won his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor.[38] In 1964, he directed, produced and starred in Yaadein, an experimental film with him as the sole actor.[39] It did not do well at the box office, but received critical praise and won National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film (Hindi) as well as an entry in Guinness Book of World Records in the category Fewest actors in a narrative film.[40][41]

Dutt reached his peak in the mid-1960s.[20] He began 1965 with Yash Chopra's ensemble masala film Waqt.[42] It opened to an excellent response from the audience and proved to be a major blockbuster as well as the highest grossing film of the year.[43] Today it is widely regarded as a cult classic.[44] His next release was A. Bhimsingh's family drama Khandan which also performed very well and emerged a superhit with Dutt receiving immense acclaim for his portrayal of a dedicated family man and winning his second and final Filmfare Award for Best Actor.[45] In 1966, he had a blockbuster in Raj Khosla's thriller film Mera Saaya and a flop in Lekh Tandon's historical drama Amrapali.[46][47] The soundtrack of Mera Saaya composed by Madan Mohan was highly successful and one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1960s.[48] Its songs, such as "Jhumka Gira Re" sung by Asha Bhosle and "Mera Saaya Saath", a solo by Lata Mangeshkar remain popular till date.[49] 1967 proved to be the best year of Dutt's career with three major commercial successes.[20] He first starred in Adurthi Subba Rao's reincarnation drama Milan.[50] A remake Of Telugu hit Mooga Manasulu (1964), Milan proved to be an equally successful venture at the box office with its songs "Sawan Ka Mahina", "Bol Gori Bol Tera Kaun Piya" and "Ram Kare Aisa Ho Jaye" topping the musical chart that year.[51] For portraying an innocent boatman in the film, Dutt received a nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Actor category and won his first and only BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi).[51] His next release was Bhimsingh's drama film Mehrban which also had Ashok Kumar, Nutan, Mehmood, Sulochana Latkar and Shashikala in the lead.[52] Mehrban like Milan was also a commercially hit venture.[36] He concluded the year with B.R. Chopra's suspense thriller Hamraaz which received positive reviews from critics, eventually emerging a blockbuster and Dutt's third consecutive hit of the year.[53][54]

In 1968, he delivered another superhit in Jyoti Swaroop's musical comedy film Padosan.[55] Indiatimes ranked the film among the "Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films". Amit Upadhaya of ThePrint in a retrospective article on film's 50th anniversary wrote ″As cult comedy films go, Jyoti Swaroop’s Padosan is one of the few in Hindi film history to never run out of laughs. With its bare-bones plot about an innocent naïve young man Bhola, who falls in love with his dancer-singer neighbour Bindu and wins her over in a not-so-honest but oh-so-charming way, the focus in Padosan is entirely on scene mechanics and individual performances.[56] In a similar 50th anniversary article, Devansh Sharma of Firstpost gave credit to RD Burman's soundtrack for changing the state of comedy genre in Hindi films as he felt that ″Burman's music gave wings to the camera that was otherwise doomed to sit still. Krishan's poetry also allowed the editor and director a lot of freedom as they could choose the appropriate shot for every emotion expressed in the songs.″[57]

The year 1969 saw the rise of superstar Rajesh Khanna, who stormed the nation with Aradhana and Do Raaste.[58] With his emergence, a number of stars saw a decline in their career graph and Dutt was one of them.[59] That year Dutt only saw moderate success with Raj Khosla's Chirag while the rest of his films didnt do well.[60] The series of failures continued from 1970 to 1972 with films, including Reshma Aur Shera (which he also directed), Zindagi Zindagi, Zameen Aasmaan and Jai Jwala.[6]

The year 1973 marked Dutt's return to the big league with Sultan Ahmed's dacoit drama Heera, which proved to be a massive hit.[61] The huge box office success of Heera was followed by superhits, Pran Jaye Per Vachan Na Jaye (1974) and Zakhmee (1975) alongwith two more successful films, Geeta Mera Naam (1974) and Umar Qaid (1975) thus solidifying his comeback.[62][63]

In 1976, Dutt had two releases - Rajkumar Kohli's horror film Nagin and Raj Khosla's action drama Nehle Pe Dehla.[64][65] The former which had an ensemble cast, including Reena Roy, Feroz Khan, Sanjay Khan, Rekha and Mumtaz went on to become a blockbuster at the box office.[66] On the other hand, Nehle Pe Dehla alongside Saira Banu and Vinod Khanna was also a major commercial success.[66] The following year, he delivered two more successes with Paapi and Aakhri Goli.[67]

In 1978, Dutt donned the director's hat for Daaku Aur Jawan, co-starring Vinod Khanna, Reena Roy and Leena Chandavarkar.[68] The film opened to positive response from critics and emerged a superhit at the box office.[69] He also appeared opposite Rekha and Saira Banu in Ram Kasam and Kaala Aadmi, respectively. While the former was a commercially successful venture, Kaala Aadmi failed to do well.[69] In 1979, he reunited with Rajkumar Kohli for another multi-starrer horror film Jaani Dushman, which took a bumper opening and emerged a blockbuster as well as one of the highest-earners of that year.[70] Dutt once again collaborated with Kohli for Muqabla, the same year.[71] The film backed up with chartbuster song "Govinda Govinda", a duet by Mohammed Rafi and Kishore Kumar went on to become a hit at the box office.[72][70] He concluded the year with another critical and commercial success in the action drama film Ahinsa.[70]

Shift to character roles, hiatus and final works (1980–2003)

[edit]

Dutt began the new decade with a pivotal supporting role in Ramesh Sippy's mega-budget action crime drama Shaan (1980).[73] The film received positive reviews from critics and did well at the box-office, but ended up as an average fare due to its high costs.[74]

In 1981, he launched his son Sanjay Dutt's career with Rocky which was a hit.[75] Shortly before the film's release, Nargis died of pancreatic cancer. Dutt founded the Nargis Dutt Foundation in her memory for the care of cancer patients.[76] In 1982, he appeared alongside Dharmendra and Jeetendra in Rajkumar Kohli's action thriller Badle Ki Aag, which was a box office success.[77] The following year, he directed, produced and starred in the drama film Dard Ka Rishta, alongside Ashok Kumar, Reena Roy, Smita Patil and Khushbu Sundar.[78] Despite its heavy theme, Dard Ka Rishta did well commercially and proved to be a hit venture.[79] Dutt followed it with a minor setback as he had a string of critical and commercial failures from 1984 to 1985 with films, such as - Raaj Tilak, Laila, Yaadon Ki Zanjeer and Faasle.[80][81] This changed in 1986 with the acclaimed venture Kala Dhanda Goray Log and a hit in Watan Ke Rakhwale, the next year.[82][83]

After appearing in Dharamyudh (1988), he went on a brief hiatus and returned to big screen in 1991 with Yeh Aag Kab Bujhegi (which he also directed), Kurbaan and Pratigyabadh. While the lattermost was a box office failure, Yeh Aag Kab Bujhegi proved to be a moderately successful venture and Kurbaan emerged a hit.[84] He followed it with another successful film Virodhi (1992) and three more ventures in 1993 which were - Parampara, Phool and Kshatriya before taking retirement from films to focus on his political career.[85]

Dutt returned to films once again in 2003 with Rajkumar Hirani's satirical comedy drama Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. which had his son in the lead.[86] Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. opened to highly positive reviews from critics and proved to be a commercially hit venture.[87] Today it is considered a classic and one of the best films ever made in the history of Indian cinema.[88][89] It was Sunil Dutt's last film; he died shortly after its release.[90]

Political career

[edit]

In 1982, he was appointed as the Sheriff of Bombay, an apolitical titular position bestowed on him by the Maharashtra government for a year.[91] In 1995, he won the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to the film industry for four decades.[92]

In 1987 when Punjab was facing heightened militancy, Dutt, accompanied by his daughter Priya undertook a 2,000 km 76 day long Mahashanti Padyatra (journey by foot) from Bombay to Amritsar (Golden Temple) to establish communal harmony and brotherhood.[93][94][95] During the padyatra, he attended more than 500 roadside meetings and suffered a bout of jaundice.[96]

His political career was halted for some years in the early 1990s when he worked to free his son from jail after he was arrested for keeping an AK-56 that he claimed was for the protection of his family after bomb blasts in Bombay.[97]

Personal life

[edit]

Dutt married actress Nargis, a Muslim, also of Punjabi Mohyal descent, on 11 March 1958. Prior to their marriage, Nargis converted to Hinduism and adopted the name Nirmala Dutt.[98][99] Reportedly, Dutt had saved her life from a fire on the sets of Mother India.[100] They had three children: Sanjay Dutt, Namrata Dutt, and Priya Dutt. Sanjay went on to become a successful film actor. Namrata married actor Kumar Gaurav, son of veteran actor Rajendra Kumar who had appeared alongside Nargis and Dutt in Mother India. Priya became a politician and a Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha).[100]

With his wife, Dutt formed the Ajanta Arts Cultural Troupe, which involved several leading actors and singers of the time, and performed at remote frontiers to entertain the Indian soldiers at border. It was the first troupe to perform in Dhaka, after the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971.[101]

Dutt's wife Nargis died in 1981. One year after her death, the Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation was established by Dutt in her memory.[102]

Death

[edit]
Dutt at an event on 25 May 2004 (one year before his death)

Dutt died of a heart attack on 25 May 2005 at his residence in Bandra, West Mumbai, at age 75.[103] At the time of his death, he was the Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports in the Union Government led by Manmohan Singh and was the Member of Parliament from North-West Mumbai. He was cremated with full state honours at Santacruz Crematorium in Mumbai. He was succeeded as Minister by Mani Shankar Aiyar. His seat in the Parliament was contested by his daughter, Priya Dutt, who won it and was a Member of Parliament until May 2014.[104]

Awards and honours

[edit]

Legacy

[edit]
Sunil Dutt's signed photo

Dutt is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema.[112] He is known for his acting, mannerism and to dare to take up risky and non-commercial projects in his prime years, such as Mujhe Jeene Do, Yaadein and Reshma Aur Shera.[113] He was also noted as a serial talent-spotter, giving major breaks to then struggling actors Amitabh Bachchan, Vinod Khanna, Ranjeet and Shakti Kapoor in his home productions Reshma Aur Shera and Rocky respectively.[114][115] He was also inducted into the Bollywood Walk of Fame at Bandra Bandstand, where his autograph was preserved.[116]

One of the most successful actors of the 1960s and 1970s, Dutt appeared in Box Office India's "Top Actors" list two times in 1966 and 1967.[20]

In 2022, Dutt was placed in Outlook India's "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list.[117]

[edit]

Filmography

[edit]
Film Year Role Notes
Railway Platform 1955 Ram
Kundan Amrit
Ek-Hi-Raasta 1956 Amar
Rajdhani N/A
Kismet Ka Khel Prakash Verma
Payal 1957 Mohan
Mother India Birju
Sadhna 1958 Professor Mohan
Post Box 999 Vikas
Sujata 1959 Adhir
Insaan Jaag Utha Ranjeet
Didi Gopal
Usne Kaha Tha 1960 Nandu
Hum Hindustani Surendra Nath
Ek Phool Char Kaante Sanjeev
Duniya Jhukti Hai Mohan / Bankelal[a]
Chhaya 1961 Arun / Poet Rahi
Main Chup Rahungi 1962 Kamal Kumar
Jhoola Dr. Arun
Gumraah 1963 Rajendra
Aaj Aur Kal Dr. Sanjay
Yeh Rastey Hain Pyar Ke Anil Sahni
Nartakee Professor Nirmal Kumar
Mujhe Jeene Do Thakur Jarnail Singh Filmfare Award for Best Actor
Yaadein 1964 Anil also director and producer
Gazal Ejaaz
Beti Bete Ramu / Krishna
Waqt 1965 Advocate Ravi Khanna (Bablu)
Khandan Govind Shankar Lal Filmfare Award for Best Actor
Mera Saaya 1966 Thakur Rakesh Singh
Gaban Ramnath
Amrapali Magadh Samrat Ajatashatru
Maitighar Sunil Cameo
Milan 1967 Gopinath (Gopi) BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi)
Hamraaz Kumar / S. N. Sinha
Mehrban Kanhaiya
Padosan 1968 Bhola
Sadhu Aur Shaitaan Catholic Priest D'souza Cameo
Gauri Sunil Kumar
Pyasi Sham 1969 Raja
Meri Bhabhi Raju
Jwala Sunil Cameo
Chirag Ajay Singh
Bhai Bahen Surendra Pratap
Darpan 1970 Balraj Dutt
Bhai-Bhai Ashok / Manish[a]
Reshma Aur Shera 1971 Shera Singh also director and producer
Jwala Jwala
Zindagi Zindagi 1972 Dr. Sunil
Zameen Aasmaan Ravi
Jai Jwala Major Anand
Man Jeete Jag Jeet 1973 Bagga Daaku / Baghel Singh Punjabi film
Heera Heera
Kora Badan 1974 Sunil Cameo
Geeta Mera Naam Suraj / Johnny
Pran Jaye Par Vachan Na Jaye Raja Thakur
Dukh Bhanjan Tera Naam Sadhu Punjabi film; Cameo
36 Ghante Himmat Singh
Zakhmee 1975 Anand
Umar Qaid Raja
Neelima Sunil Cameo
Himalay Se Ooncha Vijay
Akela N/A
Nagin 1976 Vijay
Nehle Pe Dehla Sunil
Darinda 1977 Krishna / Yogidutt
Ladki Jawan Ho Gayi Sunil
Paapi Raj Kumar
Gyaani Ji Pilot Sardar Hari Singh
Charandas Advocate Tondon Cameo
Aakhri Goli Vikram
Sone Ki Lanka 1978 Satpal
Ram Kasam Bhola / Shankar[a]
Kaala Aadmi Birju
Daaku Aur Jawan Birju also director and producer
Muqabla 1979 Vikram (Vicky)
Jaani Dushman Laakhan
Ahinsa Birju
Salaam Memsaab Naresh Sarit Cameo
Lahu Pukarega 1980 Jitu
Shaan DSP Shiv Kumar
Yari Dushmani Shambhu
Ganga Aur Suraj Inspector Ganga
Ek Gunah Aur Sahi Shankar Ramdas
Rocky 1981 Shankar also director and producer
Meena Kumari Ki Amar Kahani Himself Documentary
Badle Ki Aag 1982 Lakhan
Dard Ka Rishta Dr. Ravi Kant Sharma also director and producer
Film Hi Film 1983 Himself Documentary
Raaj Tilak 1984 Jai Singh
Laila Dharamraj Singh / Thakur Prithviraj Singh[a]
Yaadon Ki Zanjeer Ravi Kumar
Faasle 1985 Vikram
Kala Dhanda Goray Log 1986 Gauri Shankar / Michael
Mangal Dada Mangal Dada
Watan Ke Rakhwale 1987 Jailor Suraj Prakash
Raj Kapoor Himself Documentary
Dharamyudh 1988 Thakur Vikram Singh
Akarshan Himself Guest appearance
Yeh Aag Kab Bujhegi 1991 Professor Kishna also director and producer
Kurbaan Prithvi Singh
Pratigyabadh Pascal
Hai Meri Jaan Telegram Wala Cameo
Virodhi 1992 Police Commissioner Jagdish Kapoor
Kshatriya 1993 Maharaj Bhavani Singh
Parampara Thakur Bhavani Singh
Phool Balram Choudhary
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. 2003 Hari Prasad Sharma
Om Shanti Om 2007 Magadh Samrat Ajatashatru Recreated via CGI during the song "Dhoom Tana", (archive footage)

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Mr. and Mrs. Dutt: Memories of our Parents, Namrata Dutt Kumar and Priya Dutt, 2007, Roli Books. ISBN 978-81-7436-455-5.[124]
  • Darlingji: The True Love Story of Nargis and Sunil Dutt, Kishwar Desai. 2007, Harper Collins. ISBN 978-81-7223-697-7.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Dutt played two characters.

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ a b c d "member's profile – Sunil Dutt". Loksabha. Retrieved 28 November 2020.[dead link‍]
  3. ^ a b "Padma Awards | Interactive Dashboard". www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  4. ^ "Sunil Dutt 92nd Birth Anniversary: 5 iconic films of the actor-turned-politician that you should know about". 6 June 2021.
  5. ^ "Sunil Dutt's life: Of guts and glory". 25 May 2005.
  6. ^ a b "rediff.com, Movies: What made Sunil Dutt a star". m.rediff.com.
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  8. ^ "Current Lok Sabha Members Biographical Sketch". Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  9. ^ "Fourteenth Lok Sabha".
  10. ^ Kumar, Shiv (25 May 2005). "Sunil Dutt is no more". The Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  11. ^ "Zee Premiere- The Triumph of Spirit". May 2001. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2001.
  12. ^ Syed, Abdul Rasool (21 September 2018). "Hussaini Brahmins and the tragedy of Karbala". Daily Times. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
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  14. ^ "We all are one, whichever religion we belong to". May 2005. Retrieved 25 May 2005.
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  20. ^ a b c d "Top Actors". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
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  23. ^ Dwyer, Rachel (2002). Yash Chopra: Fifty Years in Indian Cinema. Lotus Collection. p. 42. ISBN 8174362347.
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  25. ^ a b c d Chatterjee 2002, pp. 77–78.
  26. ^ Heide, William Van der (2002). Malaysian Cinema, Asian Film: Border Crossings and National Cultures. Amsterdam University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-90-5356-580-3.
  27. ^ Gopal, Sangita; Moorti, Sujata (16 June 2008). Global Bollywood: Travels of Hindi Song and Dance. University of Minnesota Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8166-4579-4.
  28. ^ Mishra, Vijay (2002). Bollywood Cinema: Temples of Desire. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-415-93015-4.
  29. ^ "5th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. pp. 2–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  30. ^ "Best sellers". The Sunday Telegraph. 18 April 2004. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
  31. ^ Indo-Asian News Service (5 November 2008). "B.R. Chopra – master of socially relevant filmmaking". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  32. ^ Subhash Chheda (24 April 1998). "1958: Year that was". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  33. ^ Sharma, Sampada (9 October 2021). "Bollywood Rewind | Sujata: When Bimal Roy took on caste discrimination and disguised it with a love story". The Indian Express. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  34. ^ "'In Aradhana, Sachin Karta Gave Me My Life's Biggest Hit': In Conversation with Shakti Samanta". Silhouette Magazine. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
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  36. ^ a b "Worth Their Weight in Gold! – Box Office India : India's premier film trade magazine". Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  37. ^ "Gumraah Dull - John Wick 4 Proving To Be A HIT - Box Office India". www.boxofficeindia.com.
  38. ^ "Filmfare Winners (1963)". The Times of India.
  39. ^ "Sunil Dutt's 'Yaadein': A one-man act film is in the Guinness Book of World Records". India Today. 6 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  40. ^ "13th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  41. ^ Bhumika K. "An experiment with peace". Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2005-08-05. 2005. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2007.
  42. ^ Chopra, Anupama (2007). King of Bollywood: Shah Rukh Khan and the Seductive World of Indian Cinema. Grand Central Publishing. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-446-57858-5.
  43. ^ "From Raaj Kumar, Shashi Kapoor & Sunil Dutt's Waqt To Dev Anand's Guide – Top Bollywood Box Office Grossers Of 1965". 12 May 1965.
  44. ^ "rediff.com, Movies: Classics Revisited: Waqt". m.rediff.com.
  45. ^ "Filmfare Awards (1965)". The Times of India.
  46. ^ "From Dharmendra's Phool Aur Patthar To Manoj Kumar's Do Badan – Top Bollywood Box Office Grossers Of 1966". 8 May 1966.
  47. ^ What if Amrapali were remade today? Rediff.com Movies, 4 March 2004.
  48. ^ "Music Hits 1960–1969". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  49. ^ "rediff.com, Movies: Classics Revisited: Mera Saaya". m.rediff.com.
  50. ^ "Milan (1967)". Rotten Tomatoes.
  51. ^ a b "Milan (1967)". hindigeetmala.net. Hindi Geetmala. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
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