1439
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| Years |
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| Millennium |
| 2nd millennium |
| Centuries |
| Decades |
| Years |
| 1439 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1439 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1439 MCDXXXIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2192 |
| Armenian calendar | 888 ԹՎ ՊՁԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6189 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1360–1361 |
| Bengali calendar | 845–846 |
| Berber calendar | 2389 |
| English Regnal year | 17 Hen. 6 – 18 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1983 |
| Burmese calendar | 801 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6947–6948 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 4136 or 3929 — to — 己未年 (Earth Goat) 4137 or 3930 |
| Coptic calendar | 1155–1156 |
| Discordian calendar | 2605 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1431–1432 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5199–5200 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1495–1496 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1360–1361 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4539–4540 |
| Holocene calendar | 11439 |
| Igbo calendar | 439–440 |
| Iranian calendar | 817–818 |
| Islamic calendar | 842–843 |
| Japanese calendar | Eikyō 11 (永享１１年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1354–1355 |
| Julian calendar | 1439 MCDXXXIX |
| Korean calendar | 3772 |
| Minguo calendar | 473 before ROC 民前473年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −29 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1981–1982 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土马年 (male Earth-Horse) 1565 or 1184 or 412 — to — 阴土羊年 (female Earth-Goat) 1566 or 1185 or 413 |
Year 1439 (MCDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–June
[edit]- January 4 – A truce is signed at Breslau between King Albert of Hungary and King Casimir IV of Poland to end the 8-month war between the two kingdoms.[1]
- [[January 10 – Pope Eugene IV, who had convened the Council of Ferrara a year earlier to fight the reforms of the Council of Basel, orders the transfer of its participants from Ferrara to Florence.[2]
- January 17 – As part of Ming China's [[Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns|campaign against the Möng Mao kingdom in south China, General Fang Zheng, commander of 295,000 troops, attacks the stockade of the Mao kingdom's General Si Renfa and forces the enemy to retreat southward., after which he continued in pursuit. However by this time his troops were exhausted and his supply lines were cut off. He requested reinforcements, but Mu Sheng only sent a small number as he was angry that Fang Zheng had disobeyed orders. Fang Zheng was then defeated at Kongni where he had pursued Si Renfa, and "fell into an ambush of the elephant phalanx of his enemy", at which point he ordered his son to escape, and died with his troops[3]
- January 20 – In England, John Juyn becomes the new Chief Justice of the King's Bench.[4]
- February 9 –
- May 4 – Battle of Grotnik: Władysław III's royal army defeats the Hussite movement in Poland.
- June 25 – The Council of Basel formally declares that Pope Eugene IV is deposed on grounds that he is a heretic.[2]
- June 29 – The "Miracle of the Moose" takes place, according to Russian hagiographers.
July–December
[edit]- July 6 – Pope Eugene IV issues the Bull of Union with the Greeks (Laetentur Caeli), signed by the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaiologos, proclaiming the end of the East–West Schism between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy and the union of the two divisions of the Christian faith.[5] The bull is repudiated by most Eastern bishops shortly thereafter.
- September 8 – Cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi captures Foligno, ending Trinci's signoria.
- September 29 or October 1 – Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, is declared deposed in Sweden. Karl Knutsson Bonde continues to serve as Regent of Sweden.
- October 30 – The Council of Basel begins a conclave to elect its own successor to Pope Eugene IV, whom it had deposed on June 25.[2]
- November 12 – In England, Plymouth becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament.
- November 22 – Following up on the declaration of union of the Roman Catholic Church with the Greek Orthodox Church, Pope Eugene IV signs an agreement of union with the Armenian Apostolic Church.[6]
Date unknown
[edit]- Johannes Gutenberg develops printing with movable type at Mainz at about this date.
- The Great Ordinance is adopted by the French Estates-General. This measure grants the king the exclusive right to raise troops, and establishes the taxation measure known as the taille, in support of a standing army.
- The Council of Florence is moved to Florence.
- At the Portuguese Cortes, Peter, Duke of Coimbra is appointed Regent of the Kingdom.
Births
[edit]- March 3 – Ashikaga Yoshimi, brother of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa (d. 1491)
- April 3 – Ludwig II, Count of Württemberg-Urach, German noble (d. 1457)
- May 29 – Pope Pius III (d. 1503)
- July 18 – John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, German duke (d. 1507)
- July 26 – Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria, member of the Wittelsbach dynasty (d. 1501)
- August 10 – Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, Duchess of York, second child of Richard Plantagenet (d. 1476)[7]
- date unknown – Hua Sui, Chinese inventor and printer (d. 1513)
Deaths
[edit]- April 30 – Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, English military leader (b. 1382)[8]
- June 24 – Duke Frederick IV of Austria (b. 1382)
- September 12 – Sidi El Houari, Algerian imam (b. 1350)
- October 20 – Ambrose the Camaldulian, Italian theologian
- October 27 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1397)[9]
- December 30 – Margaret Holland, English noblewoman (b. 1385)[10]
References
[edit]- ^ József Köblös; Szilárd Süttő; Katalin Szende (2000). "1474. Lengyel-magyar békekötés (Ófalui béke)" [1474. Polish-Hungarian peace conclusion (peace of Ófalu)]. Magyar Békeszerződések 1000–1526 [Hungarian peace treaties 1000–1526] (in Hungarian). Pápa, Hungary: Jókai Mór Városi Könyvtár. pp. 198–206. ISBN 963-00-3094-2.
- ^ a b c Joachim W. Stieber, (1978) Pope Eugene IV, the Council of Basel, and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire: The conflict over supreme authority and power in the Church. (Leiden: Brill, 1978) pp. 49–58]
- ^ .Liew, Foon Ming (1996). "The Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns (1436–1449) in the Light of Official Chinese Historiography". Oriens Extremus. 39 (2): 173. JSTOR 24047471.
- ^ Campbell, John, Lives of the Chief Justices of England, (3rd ed.)(London: John Murray 1874)
- ^ Casiday, Augustine (2012). The Orthodox Christian World. Routledge. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-415-45516-9.
- ^ Curtin, D. P. (January 2007). Laetentur Caeli: Bulls of Union with the Greeks, Armenians, Coptic, and Ethiopian Churches. Dalcassian Press. ISBN 9798869171504.
- ^ Anne Commire (October 8, 1999). Women in World History. Gale. p. 390. ISBN 978-0-7876-4061-3.
- ^ The Archaeological Journal. Longman. 1864. p. 317.
- ^ "Albert II | Holy Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ^ Connor, Meriel (2007). "The Political Allegiances of Christ Church Priory 1400-1472: the Evidence of John Stone's Chronicle". Archaeologia Cantiana. 127. Kent Archaeological Society: 388.
